Table of Contents
Introduction
The Calico Aster, also known as Starved Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum, previously Aster lateriflorus), is a hardy, native perennial plant. It produces delicate, small white flowers with a yellow or purplish center that bloom in late summer and fall. This aster is known for its ability to thrive in a variety of conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and is often found in woodlands, meadows, and along roadsides. Its sprawling growth and clusters of tiny flowers add a touch of beauty to naturalized gardens, making it a favorite for pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Exploring 4 Varieties of Calico Aster Plants
There are a few notable varieties of Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) that are cultivated for their ornamental value and adaptability. Here are some popular ones:
‘Lady in Black’: This variety has dark purple to nearly black stems and leaves, which provide a striking contrast to its small white flowers with purple centers. It grows upright and is especially favored for its dramatic foliage.
‘Prince’: Similar to ‘Lady in Black,’ but with slightly more compact growth. It also features dark purple leaves and stems, creating an elegant contrast with its light-colored blooms.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum var. horizontale: This variety features a more horizontal, spreading growth habit, making it ideal for ground cover. It bears the characteristic small white flowers of the species and is great for naturalizing areas.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum ‘Moonlight’: Known for its soft, pale-white flowers with a yellow center. This variety has a lighter, more delicate appearance and grows in a bushy, rounded form.
These varieties are prized for their ability to thrive in different conditions and are often used in native plant gardens, wildflower meadows, and pollinator-friendly landscapes.
How to Grow and Care for Calico Aster Plant
Growing and caring for Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) is relatively easy, as it’s a hardy and adaptable plant. Here’s how to grow and care for it:
Planting
- Location: Choose a spot with full sun to partial shade. While it tolerates some shade, Calico Aster thrives in sunnier areas.
- Soil: It prefers well-drained soil, but it can tolerate various soil types, from sandy to loamy, and even clay soils. Adding organic matter to the soil improves drainage and nutrient content.
- Planting Time: The best time to plant is in spring or fall. Space plants about 1 to 2 feet apart to give them room to spread.
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist during the establishment phase. Once mature, it is drought-tolerant but appreciates occasional watering during dry spells.
Care
- Watering: Calico Aster is low-maintenance and can handle dry periods once established. Water regularly during prolonged dry periods, but avoid overwatering.
- Fertilizing: It doesn’t require heavy fertilization. In the spring, you can add compost or a balanced, slow-release fertilizer if the soil is poor.
- Pruning: In late spring or early summer, you can pinch or trim back the stems to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. After the plant finishes blooming in the fall, cut it back to the ground to prepare for the next season.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Mulch also helps to regulate soil temperature during hot weather.
Pests and Diseases
Calico Aster is relatively pest-free, though it may occasionally suffer from powdery mildew, especially in overly humid conditions or poor air circulation. Space the plants properly and water at the base to prevent mildew. Aphids or spider mites may appear, but these can usually be controlled by natural predators or a blast of water.
Propagation
You can propagate Calico Aster by:
- Division: Divide the clumps in spring or fall every 2-3 years to rejuvenate the plant and control its spread.
- Seeds: Sow seeds in early spring after the last frost. Seed germination can be slow, but once established, they spread naturally.
Additional Tips
- Wildlife attraction: Calico Aster is a magnet for pollinators like bees and butterflies. Leaving the seed heads on through winter also provides food for birds.
- Companion planting: It pairs well with other native wildflowers, grasses, and taller perennials, creating a natural, low-maintenance landscape.
With its ability to thrive in a range of conditions, Calico Aster is an excellent choice for wildflower gardens, meadow plantings, and pollinator habitats.
5 Steps for Propagating Calico Aster Plant
Propagating Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) is straightforward and can be done through division, cuttings, or seeds. Below are the steps for each method:
1. Propagation by Division
One of the easiest and most reliable methods is dividing established plants.
Steps:
- Timing: The best time to divide Calico Aster is in early spring or fall when the plant is not actively blooming.
- Digging up the Plant:
- Use a spade to dig around the base of the plant, lifting it out of the ground carefully to avoid damaging the roots.
- Dividing:
- Gently pull the plant apart by hand or use a sharp, clean knife to divide the root ball into sections, each with several healthy stems and roots. Each division should have at least 2-3 shoots and a portion of the root system.
- Replanting:
- Replant the divisions at the same depth they were growing before, spacing them about 1-2 feet apart. Water thoroughly after replanting.
- Care:
- Keep the soil moist until the new divisions establish, then care for them as you would a mature Calico Aster.
2. Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings are another effective way to propagate Calico Aster, though it requires a bit more attention.
Steps:
- Timing: The best time to take cuttings is in late spring or early summer.
- Selecting Cuttings:
- Choose healthy, non-flowering stems about 4-6 inches long. Cut just below a node (the point where leaves attach to the stem).
- Preparing the Cuttings:
- Remove the lower leaves, leaving just the top 2-3 leaves intact.
- Optionally, dip the cut end in rooting hormone to encourage faster root development.
- Planting:
- Plant the cuttings in a well-draining potting mix or a mix of perlite and peat moss. Place the cuttings about 1-2 inches deep in the soil.
- Caring for the Cuttings:
- Keep the pot in a warm, bright location, but out of direct sunlight.
- Mist the cuttings regularly or cover them with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Ensure good air circulation to prevent mold.
- Rooting:
- After about 4-6 weeks, the cuttings should develop roots. You can gently tug on the cutting to check for resistance, indicating that roots have formed.
- Transplanting:
- Once rooted, transplant the cuttings into larger pots or directly into the garden.
3. Propagation by Seeds
Growing Calico Aster from seeds can be slower, but it’s an inexpensive and rewarding method.
Steps:
- Timing: Start seeds in early spring after the last frost.
- Seed Collection:
- If collecting seeds from an existing plant, wait until late fall when the seed heads have dried. Remove the seeds from the flower heads and store them in a cool, dry place until planting.
- Sowing Seeds:
- Prepare a seed tray with a fine, well-draining seed-starting mix.
- Scatter the seeds lightly over the surface and press them into the soil, but do not bury them deeply, as they need light to germinate.
- Watering:
- Mist the soil gently to keep it moist, but avoid overwatering.
- Germination:
- Place the tray in a bright location but out of direct sunlight. The seeds will germinate in 2-4 weeks, depending on conditions.
- Transplanting:
- Once seedlings have grown to about 2-3 inches tall and have developed a few sets of leaves, transplant them into larger pots or directly into the garden, spacing them about 1-2 feet apart.
Tips for Successful Propagation:
- Ensure proper spacing to allow air circulation and prevent fungal issues.
- Water the newly propagated plants consistently until they are well-established.
- Avoid over-fertilizing, as Calico Aster grows well in poorer soils.
Using these methods, you can easily propagate Calico Aster and enjoy its beautiful, delicate flowers year after year!
10 Benefits of Calico Aster Plant
The Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) offers several benefits, both in terms of its environmental impact and its aesthetic appeal. Here are the key benefits:
1. Attracts Pollinators
- Bees and Butterflies: Calico Aster is a magnet for pollinators, especially bees and butterflies. Its late-season blooms provide a valuable nectar source when many other plants have stopped flowering.
- Supporting Native Species: By attracting pollinators, the plant plays a vital role in maintaining the local ecosystem, supporting species like the monarch butterfly and native bees.
2. Low Maintenance
- Hardy and Resilient: This plant thrives in various conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and can tolerate a wide range of soil types. Once established, it’s drought-tolerant, making it perfect for low-maintenance gardens.
- Minimal Fertilizer Needs: It requires little to no fertilization, making it easy to care for in both wild and cultivated landscapes.
3. Extended Blooming Season
- Late Bloomer: Calico Aster blooms from late summer through fall, providing color when many other garden plants have finished flowering. This extended bloom time makes it a valuable addition to gardens for seasonal interest.
4. Aesthetic Appeal
- Delicate Beauty: Its clusters of small white or light purple flowers with yellow or purple centers add a touch of delicacy and charm to gardens. The dark stems of certain varieties, like ‘Lady in Black,’ offer a striking contrast with the flowers, enhancing visual interest.
- Versatility in Landscapes: Calico Aster can be used in various settings, from wildflower meadows to formal borders. It pairs well with other native perennials, grasses, and shrubs.
5. Erosion Control
- Soil Stabilization: Due to its spreading habit and fibrous root system, Calico Aster helps to stabilize the soil, reducing erosion on slopes, along streams, or in disturbed areas.
6. Wildlife Habitat
- Food for Birds: After flowering, the seed heads of the Calico Aster provide food for birds in the fall and winter. Leaving the seed heads intact over the winter supports local wildlife.
- Shelter for Small Animals: Its dense growth can also offer shelter to small animals and beneficial insects, contributing to a more biodiverse environment.
7. Native Plant
- Ecological Value: Being a native plant, Calico Aster is well-adapted to local climates and soils. It supports native ecosystems more effectively than non-native plants, promoting biodiversity and helping to restore natural habitats.
8. Drought and Heat Tolerance
- Climate Adaptation: Once established, Calico Aster is highly tolerant of drought and heat, making it a good choice for water-wise gardens and areas with hot summers or limited water availability.
9. Deer and Rabbit Resistant
- Natural Resistance: This plant is less likely to be eaten by deer and rabbits, which is a valuable trait for gardeners in areas where wildlife browsing can be a problem.
Overall, the Calico Aster is a valuable plant for both gardeners and the environment, offering beauty, ecological benefits, and low-maintenance care.
Common Pests
1. Aphids
- Symptoms: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that cluster on the undersides of leaves and stems. They suck sap from the plant, causing leaves to curl, yellow, or become distorted. Aphid infestations can also lead to the growth of sooty mold, a black fungus that thrives on their honeydew secretions.
- Control:
- Blast aphids off the plant with a strong spray of water.
- Introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.
- Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for severe infestations.
- Aphid Pest Control: How to Get Rid of Aphids
2. Spider Mites
- Symptoms: These tiny, spider-like pests cause stippling (small yellow or white spots) on leaves as they feed on plant sap. Severe infestations can cause leaves to turn yellow, dry out, and fall off. Fine webbing may also be visible on the plant.
- Control:
- Increase humidity around the plant by misting or watering more frequently, as spider mites thrive in dry conditions.
- Use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Introduce predatory mites to control spider mite populations naturally.
- Spider Mite Pest Control: How to Get Rid of Spider Mites
3. Leaf Miners
- Symptoms: Leaf miners are larvae of various insects that tunnel through the leaves, creating serpentine or blotchy trails. This can cause the leaves to become distorted and unsightly, though damage is usually cosmetic and doesn’t severely harm the plant.
- Control:
- Remove and dispose of affected leaves to reduce the spread.
- Use neem oil or insecticidal soap to target the larvae.
- Encourage beneficial insects, such as parasitic wasps, which help control leaf miners.
4. Whiteflies
- Symptoms: Whiteflies are small, white, moth-like insects that feed on the undersides of leaves. They can cause yellowing and wilting as they suck sap from the plant. Like aphids, they produce honeydew, which can lead to sooty mold.
- Control:
- Use yellow sticky traps to catch adult whiteflies.
- Spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings.
- Whitefly Pest Control: How to Get Rid of Whiteflies
5. Slugs and Snails
- Symptoms: Slugs and snails typically feed on the foliage, leaving irregular holes in the leaves, especially during wet conditions or in shady areas. They can also damage tender young growth.
- Control:
- Handpick slugs and snails at night or early in the morning.
- Use barriers like diatomaceous earth or copper tape to deter them.
- Set up beer traps to attract and drown slugs and snails.
- Slug and Snail Pest Control: How to Get Rid of Slugs and Snails
6. Powdery Mildew (Fungal Issue)
- Symptoms: While not a pest, powdery mildew is a common fungal problem that can affect Calico Aster. It appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves, stems, and flowers, leading to leaf yellowing and premature leaf drop.
- Control:
- Ensure good air circulation by spacing plants properly and avoiding overhead watering.
- Use fungicidal sprays or neem oil if the infection becomes severe.
- Remove infected plant parts to prevent the spread of the disease.
Preventive Measures:
- Good Air Circulation: Ensure plants are spaced properly to allow air to flow freely, which can prevent many pest and fungal issues.
- Proper Watering: Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the leaves, which can encourage pests and diseases.
- Attract Beneficial Insects: Encourage predators like ladybugs, lacewings, and predatory mites by planting other nectar-rich flowers that attract these beneficial insects.
Common Problems
While the Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) is a hardy and low-maintenance plant, it can occasionally face some common problems. Here are the key issues that may arise and how to address them:
1. Powdery Mildew
- Symptoms: Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers. It usually occurs in humid or overcrowded conditions, and while it rarely kills the plant, it can cause leaves to yellow, curl, and fall off prematurely.
- Solution:
- Improve air circulation by spacing plants properly and avoiding overhead watering.
- Water at the base of the plant and avoid wetting the leaves.
- Apply a fungicidal spray if the infection becomes severe. Neem oil or sulfur-based fungicides can also be effective.
2. Leggy Growth
- Symptoms: The plant grows tall and spindly, often due to insufficient sunlight, causing it to flop over and look unattractive.
- Solution:
- Ensure the plant is getting enough sunlight (preferably full sun or partial shade).
- Pinch back the stems in late spring or early summer to encourage bushier growth and more compact form.
- Use plant supports, like stakes or cages, if the plant becomes too tall and floppy.
3. Poor Flowering
- Symptoms: The plant produces fewer flowers or the blooms are smaller and less vibrant than usual. This can be caused by poor growing conditions, such as too much shade, nutrient imbalance, or drought stress.
- Solution:
- Ensure the plant gets sufficient sunlight (at least 6 hours of direct sun).
- Water the plant regularly, especially during dry spells.
- Use a balanced fertilizer in spring if the soil is poor, but avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
4. Yellowing Leaves
- Symptoms: Leaves turn yellow, usually starting from the lower part of the plant. This can be a sign of overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiencies.
- Solution:
- Check the soil for proper drainage. If the soil stays too wet, adjust your watering schedule or improve drainage by amending the soil with organic matter.
- Ensure the plant isn’t suffering from a nitrogen deficiency by applying a balanced fertilizer if necessary.
5. Root Rot
- Symptoms: The plant wilts, stunts, or dies back even when it appears to have adequate water. This is usually caused by waterlogged soil, leading to fungal infections that attack the roots.
- Solution:
- Improve soil drainage by adding organic matter or planting in raised beds.
- Avoid overwatering, and ensure the soil dries out between watering sessions.
- If root rot is severe, remove affected plants to prevent the spread of the fungus to others.
6. Insect Damage
- Symptoms: As mentioned earlier, aphids, spider mites, or whiteflies may attack Calico Aster. They suck the sap from the plant, causing wilting, yellowing, and leaf distortion.
- Solution:
- Treat infestations with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or by introducing natural predators such as ladybugs.
- Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests and take action early to prevent serious damage.
7. Plant Spread (Invasiveness)
- Symptoms: Calico Aster can spread aggressively in ideal conditions, potentially overtaking other plants in the garden.
- Solution:
- To control its spread, divide the plant every 2-3 years in spring or fall.
- Consider planting in contained areas or using barriers to prevent unwanted spreading.
- Remove seed heads after flowering to prevent self-seeding if you don’t want it to naturalize.
8. Diseases in Humid Conditions
- Symptoms: High humidity can lead to fungal diseases like rust or leaf spot. These diseases can cause discolored spots on the leaves and affect plant vigor.
- Solution:
- Ensure proper spacing for good air circulation.
- Use fungicides if the infection spreads, and remove and dispose of infected leaves to prevent further contamination.
- Water plants at the base, avoiding the leaves.
9. Wilting or Drooping
- Symptoms: If the plant wilts or droops, it can be due to inconsistent watering, especially during hot and dry conditions, or damage to the root system.
- Solution:
- Ensure the plant is getting enough water during dry periods but avoid waterlogging.
- Mulch around the base to retain moisture in the soil and keep roots cool.
- Check for root damage from pests or disease.
Prevention Tips:
- Regular Monitoring: Keep an eye on your plants for early signs of pests, diseases, or stress.
- Proper Spacing: Space plants properly to allow air circulation and reduce the risk of fungal problems.
- Watering: Water at the base of the plant and avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf diseases.
By addressing these common problems promptly and providing proper care, your Calico Aster will thrive and continue to provide beauty and ecological benefits to your garden.
FAQs
1. What is Calico Aster?
Answer: Calico Aster, also known as Starved Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum, previously Aster lateriflorus), is a native perennial plant known for its small, delicate white or light purple flowers with yellow or purple centers. It blooms from late summer to fall and is valued for its ability to attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.
2. Where should I plant Calico Aster?
Answer: Plant Calico Aster in a location with full sun to partial shade. It thrives in well-drained soil but can adapt to various soil types. Ensure it has enough space to spread, as it can grow 1-2 feet wide.
3. How often should I water Calico Aster?
Answer: Water Calico Aster regularly, especially during dry spells. Once established, it is quite drought-tolerant, but it still benefits from occasional watering. Avoid overwatering and ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
4. When is the best time to plant Calico Aster?
Answer: The best times to plant Calico Aster are in the spring after the last frost or in the fall before the first frost. This timing allows the plant to establish its roots before extreme weather conditions.
5. How do I propagate Calico Aster?
Answer: Calico Aster can be propagated by division, cuttings, or seeds:
- Division: Divide established clumps in spring or fall.
- Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer and root them in a well-draining potting mix.
- Seeds: Sow seeds in early spring or late fall.
6. What are the common pests and diseases affecting Calico Aster?
Answer: Common pests include aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and slugs. Diseases like powdery mildew can also occur. To manage these issues, use appropriate treatments like insecticidal soap, neem oil, and fungicides, and maintain good plant hygiene.
7. How do I prevent powdery mildew on Calico Aster?
Answer: Prevent powdery mildew by ensuring good air circulation around the plant, avoiding overhead watering, and spacing plants properly. If powdery mildew appears, treat it with fungicides or neem oil and remove infected plant parts.
8. Can Calico Aster be grown in containers?
Answer: Yes, Calico Aster can be grown in containers. Choose a large pot with good drainage and use a well-draining potting mix. Be sure to provide enough sunlight and water consistently.
9. Does Calico Aster need fertilizer?
Answer: Calico Aster does not require heavy fertilization. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer or compost applied in early spring can help if the soil is poor. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
10. How do I care for Calico Aster in the winter?
Answer: In winter, cut back Calico Aster to the ground after it has finished flowering. Mulch around the base to protect the roots and keep the soil temperature stable. The plant is generally hardy and can withstand winter conditions.
11. How can I control the spread of Calico Aster?
Answer: To control its spread, divide the plant every 2-3 years to prevent it from becoming too aggressive. You can also plant it in contained areas or use barriers to manage its growth. Removing seed heads after flowering can help prevent unwanted spreading.
12. What are some companion plants for Calico Aster?
Answer: Calico Aster pairs well with other native perennials, such as goldenrods, coneflowers, and black-eyed Susans. It also complements ornamental grasses and shrubs, creating a diverse and visually appealing garden.
13. Is Calico Aster deer-resistant?
Answer: Yes, Calico Aster is generally considered deer-resistant, although no plant is completely deer-proof. Its tough, somewhat aromatic foliage can deter deer browsing.
14. Can Calico Aster be used for erosion control?
Answer: Yes, Calico Aster’s spreading habit and fibrous root system make it effective for stabilizing soil and controlling erosion, particularly on slopes or in disturbed areas.
15. Why is my Calico Aster not blooming well?
Answer: Poor blooming can be due to insufficient sunlight, improper watering, or nutrient imbalances. Ensure the plant receives adequate sunlight, water consistently, and consider applying a balanced fertilizer if necessary.
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